Welcome Lykkers! Old Goa, or Velha Goa, is a town steeped in history, located on the western coast of India in the state of Goa. Once, it was a bustling center for trade and culture.

Today, Old Goa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that draws tourists and history enthusiasts alike for its impressive array of well-preserved cathedrals and monuments that reflect the grandeur of its European past.

Glimpse into the Past

Founded in the 15th century, Old Goa was initially under the control of the Bijapur Sultanate. At its height, Old Goa was known as the "Rome of the East," a city filled with majestic cathedrals, lavish mansions, and bustling markets that attracted traders from across Asia and Europe.

The city thrived for nearly two centuries as a significant hub for trade and faith. However, by the 17th century, a series of diseases severely depopulated the city, leading to its gradual decline. By the 18th century, the Portuguese administration relocated to Panaji (or Panjim), and Old Goa was left largely abandoned, preserving it as a historical site.

Architectural Wonders of Old Goa

Old Goa is renowned for its collection of well-preserved European-era cathedrals and monuments. The architectural style is predominantly influenced by the Baroque and Renaissance periods, showcasing a blend of European and local artistic elements.

1. Basilica of Bom Jesus

The Basilica of Bom Jesus is perhaps the most famous and revered monument in Old Goa. Completed in 1605, this basilica is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and houses the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, one of the co-founders of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). The building’s facade features an impressive Baroque design, while its interiors are adorned with intricately carved woodwork, gilded altars, and frescoes.

2. Se Cathedral

The Se Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals in Asia. The cathedral is known for its imposing facade and Gothic-style architecture, complete with a bell tower that houses the "Golden Bell," said to be one of the largest in the world.

3. Shrine of St. Francis of Assisi

Adjacent to the Se Cathedral, the Shrine of St. Francis of Assisi showcases a mix of Manueline, Baroque, and Corinthian styles. It was built in 1661 and features detailed murals depicting the life of St. Francis of Assisi. The convent attached to the Cathedral now serves as an archaeological museum that provides insights into the region’s European history.

4. Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception

Though technically located in Panaji, this cathedral is an iconic symbol of Goa’s European past. Built in 1541, it was initially constructed as a chapel and later expanded. Its distinctive double flight of steps and white facade make it one of the most photographed landmarks in Goa.

Cultural and Traditional Significance

Old Goa remains a center for pious devotees, particularly during the annual Feast of St. Francis Xavier held in early December. This festival draws thousands of devotees and tourists who come to pay homage to the revered saint. The relics of St. Francis Xavier are showcased during this event, and masses are held in multiple languages, reflecting the diverse community of worshippers.

The area also showcases the harmonious coexistence of different communities. Despite the European-centric nature of Old Goa, the region is home to a mix of cultural practices that include traditional Hindu festivals and local Goan customs.

UNESCO World Heritage Recognition

In 1986, Old Goa was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Cathedrals and Convents of Goa group. This designation has played a crucial role in the preservation and conservation efforts to maintain the architectural and historical integrity of the monuments. The status also brought increased awareness to the significance of Old Goa, attracting international visitors interested in exploring its traditional and cultural heritage.

Exploring Old Goa Today

Today, Old Goa is a tranquil area that offers visitors a chance to step back in time. The town is set amidst lush greenery, with the Mandovi River nearby, adding to its serene atmosphere. Tourists can explore the cathedrals, museums, and ruins that tell the story of Goa's European past. The Archaeological Museum of Old Goa provides additional context and exhibits artifacts, paintings, and sculptures that further illustrate the Portuguese influence on the region.

Practical Tips for Visitors

Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Old Goa is between October and March when the weather is cooler and pleasant. This period also coincides with significant local festivities and traditional events.

Getting There: Old Goa is approximately 10 kilometers from Panaji and can be reached easily by car, taxi, or local bus.

Dress Code: Since Old Goa is known for its traditional sites, visitors are advised to dress modestly when exploring the basilicas and cathedrals.

Old Goa is a living testament to the region’s European history, encapsulating a time when the city was a vibrant center of commerce, faith, and art. Visiting Old Goa is more than just a journey through historical monuments; it is an exploration of a cultural landscape that continues to inspire awe and reverence centuries after its prime.